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SuperCalc v 5.6
or
how deep the rabbit hole goes
Comments, suggestions or bugs report at Tsiros
download ( if you want ) SuperCalc
for an android device you can download and install the SuperCalc.apk
added recently
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Determinant calculation
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Linear Systems
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You have to reread iterations
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Recursive functions
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No standard variables(second encounter)
Some examples (click on them)
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3+5
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a=12
a/2+33
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a=12+b
b=4 |b-a|
- Roots
- Whatever can be calculated will be calculated
f=atan(0.77/d) w0=2.33 d1=w0·sin(f) olo=e0+e1 e0=l·d1/2 l=w0·cos(f)+d1·tan(f) e1=l·(d-d1) d=1.64
- Determinant calculation
(any order)
a=[[1,2,1],[-2,1,2],[3,-3,2]] det(a) or
det([[1,2,3,4,-5,1,5,1],[2,3,-8,1,2,2,-5,1],[3,4,5,7,-5,3,-3,1],[2,1,8,-9,2,4,1,1],[2,4,-3,4,5,-5,1,1],[-1,-2,3,1,1,1,-2,2],[1,2,-3,-1,-1,1,-2,-2],[-1,-3,-2,1,3,2,-3,1]])
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Heron formula
s=(a+b+c)/2 area=√(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c)) c=b+1 b=a+1 a=[3,4,8] height=area/c C=acos((b^2+a^2-c^2)/(2*a*b)) this is angle C
- Iterations - Pascal triangle
(x!/y!/(x-y)!)'[y,0,x]'[x,0,8]
- Statistics
data=[2,3,4,3,2,4] Mean(data) Sn(data) Sn_1(data)
- Polygon area
area(x)=|Σ((x[i][0]*x[i+1][1]-x[i][1]*x[i+1][0])'[i,0,Length(x)-2])/2| points=[[4,10],[9,7],[11,2],[2,2],[4,10]] area(points)
- Polynomial with roots 2,3,5
f(x)=Π(x-[2,3,5]) f(4)
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- List of all order differences
a=[1,8,27,64,125,216,343,512] comb(k,n)=k!/n!/(k-n)! dif(y,k)=(Σ(((-1)^i*comb(k,i)*element(y,k+n-i+1))'[i,0,k]))'[n,0,Length(y)-k-1] dif(a,i)'[i,0,Length(a)]
- You can convert anything to anything
syntax:expression from_units to_units 1 m cm 1 J lbf*ft 9000 Btu 1000*W*h 1 (ft/s^2)*lb*m W*h 24.67 Pa/lbf*mi/dollar^2 kgf/in^2*m/N/euro^2 10 cm*ft in*m why not?
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Linear Systems
4 * x + 5 * y - 2 * z + 6.5 * v + 17.55 * w = -305.085
1 * x + 2 * y + 3 * z - 3.1 * v - 9.3 * w= 162.24
4 * x - 2 * y - 3 * z - 4.4 * v + 1.1 * w = -32.27
-3.3 * x + 6 * y - 2.7 * z + 17 * v - 2 * w = 57.9
-1 * x + 3 * y - 3 * z + 4.4 * v - 5.1 * w = 86.15
where : x=1 ,y=-2, z=3 , v=2.7, w=-17.7
warning : for five variables and more, as in the above example, you get only a hint about the solution
warning : Supercalc does not make any check on the matrix of system's coeficients that you provide
Let's see Supercalc in action !
linear([[4,5,-2,6.5,17.55,-305.085],[1,2,3,-3.1,-9.3,162.24],[4,-2,-3,-4.4,1.1,-32.27],[-3.3,6,-2.7,17,-2,57.9],[-1,3,-3,4.4,-5.1,86.15]])
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Default Functions and Variables
asin(x), acos(x), atan(x), log(x), log(x,y), ln(x), sin(x), cos(x), tan(x), pi,
if(x,y,z), row(x,n), col(x,n), max(x), min(x), srt(x), c2r(x), ran, poly(x,y),
integral(x, y, z, w), Length(x), Sn(x), Sn_1(x), Mean(x), rb(x), element(x,n), floor(x),
round(x), mp(x,y,z), e
Units conversion
Calculate a loan
Curv Fit Least squares method.Least squares fitting
This way you can play with finit differences
Iterations.
YES!!!.You can pass and functions as parameters.
Check this
for easy calculations added the variable _ (underscore) which has the value of the last completed calculation (and not only the value displayed at the
end).
Added the root symbol √ (control - Q for IE)
Lists.This is the first try. So, more help, fewer bugs and more features later.
Integral approximation (Lists)
This is an expandable calculator.Look at the code and you will find that is very simple to add as many functions,variables and units as you want.Of course you can add your own operations or expand the functionality of operators but this is rather complex.
Calculate the monthly payment of a loan
mp(principal,rate,years) this is the function
for a loan of 150000$ with rate=8% for 30 years, you have to pay monthly
mp(150000,8,30) ===>1100.67$
Finit differences (you have to read the Iterations)
a=[1,8,27,64,125,216,343,512]
comb(k,n)=k!/n!/(k-n)!
dif(y,k)=(Σ(((-1)^i*comb(k,i)*element(y,k+n-i+1))'(i,0,k)))'[n,0,Length(y)-k-1] (element(y,n) is the n th element of list y)
dif(a,i)'[i,0,Length(a)] this is the List of the lists of "all order differences"
[[1,8,27,64,125,216,343,512],[7,19,37,61,91,127,169],[12,18,24,30,36,42],[6,6,6,6,6],[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0],[0,0],[0],[]]
or from scratch
a=poly(x,[-1,3,2,1])'[x,-10,10]
f(z)=(element(z,i)-element(z,i-1))'[i,2,Length(z)]
f(a) the first order differences
f(_) the second and so on. And
f(f(f(a))) the third order differences
Recursives functions
f(x)=values,body
this is the syntax
values is a list and body is an expression f(x)=[2,4,7],x+1 means that
f(0)=2, f(1)=4, f(2)=7 and for other x f(x)=x+1 But you can include the
f(x) consider this f(x)=[0,1],f(x-1)+f(x-2) f(x)'[x,2,100] a
hundred (minus one) fibonacci numbers !!! or factorial(x)=[1],factorial(x-1)*x and
this is also valid f(x)=[0,1],Σ(f(x-i)'[i,1,x-1])
f(i)'[i,3,8] and this g(x)=Σ(f(x-i)'[i,1,x])*x
a=[4]
f(x)=a,g(x)
f(7) or a double recursion tri(x)=[0,1],x+tri(x-1) tetra(x)=[0,1],tetra(x-1)+tri(x) tetra(x)'[x,1,5]
an example
they say that
calculate the sum of 2000 terms (via recursion function)
g(x)=(-1)^x/(2*x+1)*4
f(x)=[g(0)],g(x)+f(x-1)
f(2000)
Yes!. Supercalc is FAST !!
Of course this is simpler
Σ(((-1)^x/(2*x+1)*4)'[x,0,2000])
Warning! Recursive functions are powerful but be careful when
define such functions.The browser will crash in case of an endless recursion.
No standard variables
a=value,expression this is the syntax
for each line, the first call of the variable return the value.Next calls
returns expression
a=0,a+2
a returns 0
a+a+a returns 6 (0+2+4)
you can freely mix recursive functions with non standard variables at any depth
a=0,a+1
b=a,a+b
f(x)=[a,a],a+3+b
f(x)'[x,0,4]
Iterations (or what means this) Has two forms
The First case
f(x)'[x,1,5] this expression has a left expression the f(x), a sign of operation ( ' ) and a right expression
[x,1,4] a group of symbols (the x) and values (1 and 4) .The whole expression means: replace the x in f(x) with the integer values from 1 to 4 and give me a list of f(x) values. According to this
x'[x,1,4] => [1,2,3,4] the x inside the group is not visible outside the group
(it is a symbol, not a variable) and hide the x on the left operator.After this
x+x'[x,0,2] resolve to x+[0,1,2] In x'[x,a,b] the a and b are visible, so can be variables (warning: not. list) if
you want you can provide a step f(x)'[x,1,5,step]
the form f(x)'(x,1,5) does not return list - only the last operation is
visible
The Second case
f(x)'[x,somelist] in this case the x iterate throu the list "somelist" and gives
his value to the function f(x) (x/2)'[x,[4,5,6,sin(pi/2)]] ==> [2,2.5,3,.5] somelist
can be a list of constants like in this example or a list of variables/functions or a variable/function that returns a
list
Same for f(x)'(x,somelist)
The right operator can include many groups
f(x,y)'( [x,a,b], [y,[x,x+1]] ) the x hide the parameters on the right
f(x,y,z)'([x,1..5],[y,[x,x+1]],(z,[x,y]))
but in
([]◄f(x,y))'(x,1,y)'(y,[a,b,c]) the y in outer group give his value to the inner
group doubleintegral(f(x,y),x1,x2,y1,y2,n)=Σ((f(x,y)·(y2-y1)/n·(x2-x1)/n)'([x,[x1,x2]~n],[y,[y1,y2]~n]))
g(x,y)=sin(x)+cos(y) doubleintegral(g(x,y),0,pi/2,0,pi/2,20)
You can define this
isum(z)=(Σ(element(z,x)'[x,1,y]))'[y,1,Length(z)] which iterate thru a list z and add
isum([1,2,3,4,5,-2,7])=[1,3,6,10,13,20]
Something useful
The default function poly(x,y) define a polynome (a+b*x+c*x^2+ .....)
and here is his definition
poly(x,y)=Σ(y*(x^y)'[y,0,Length(y)-1]) y is the list of coefficients [a,b,c,....] and x is the variable (which can be and list)
poly(2,[1,2,3]) => 1+2*2^1+3*2^2 ==>17
or poly([1,5,7,8],[1,2,3]) ==> [6,86,162,209]
Curve fitting
Let's fit a line ( Least squares method or least squares fitting)in these points [[1,1],[2,3],[3,3]] and get the y for x=2
poly(2,fitpoly([[1,1],[2,3],[3,3]],1)) simple!!!!!
the function fitpoly([[X1,Y1],[X2,Y2], ...,[Xn,Yn]],degree_of_polynome) returns
a list of polynome's coefficient.
and these are 10 y after fitting a parabola at some points
poly(x,fitpoly([[2,2],[2,4],[4,6],[6,4],[8,2]],2))'[x,1,10] (SuperCalc is tough)
one more test
f(x)=poly(x,[1,2,-3,1]) fitpoly([[1,f(1)],[2,f(2)],[3,f(3)],[4,f(4)]],5)
but if you want the polynome (or polynomial or whatever you call it) which has known roots
here is the definition
poly2(x,y)=Π(x-y) x the variable and y is the list of roots (this definition does not support lists)
but if you want to support list (for the variable) you have to define and this
polyL(x,y)=poly2(element(x,i),y)'[i,1,Length(x)]
and then polyL([1,2,3,4,5,6],[1,3]) ==> [0,-1,0,3,8,15]
this definition can be "integrated"
f(x)=polyL(x,[1,2,3]) you have to define this first in order to have a function type
integral(f(x),0,100)
There is a variable ran (returns random numbers [0,1])
sin(ran'[x,1,10]*pi/2) is a list of ten sinus of random angles between 0 and pi/2
Let's reverse a list
reverse(x)=element(x,Length(x)-i+1)'[i,1,Length(x)]
by the way 4..9 is a range and means [4,5,6,7,8,9]
( a..b , fromthis(x)..tothat(x,y) is also valid)
Passing a function (the function itself) as parameter
first the easy
f(fx(w))=fx(w-5)/3 what means this?
This is a function definition with name f, which has one variable named fx(w).
But this is a function.In the body of the function f it appears again.
f1(x)=x/2 Let's define another function,
f2(x)=x^2 and then another and then .....
f(f1(10)) here the f1 gives his structure to the fx and the value of his variable go to w (w is a dummy variable)
the body of the f function is now f1(10-5)/3 ==> (10-5)/2 /3 ==>0.8333
f(f2(3)) same way the body of f is now f2(3-5) /3 ==> (3-5)^2 /3 ==> 1.3333
more complicated
f(fx(x),fy(x,y))=fx(x*2)/fy(x+y,x-y)
f1(x)=3*x
f2(x,y)=x+y
f(f1(3),f2(4,6)) gives 2.25
let's see this
f(fx(y),y)=y+fx(y)
f1(x)=3*x
f(f1(z),4) what happens here?
the z is a dummy variable because of the second parameter y in the definition of the function f.This y (if exist) take precedence over the y of the fx(y)
Something useful, there is a default function with name 'integral' which approximate integrals over an interval (you must have read the use of Lists)
integral(f(x),a,b)=Σf([b,a]~100)*(b-a)/100 this is the definition . Let's use it
integral(sin(x),0,pi/2) => 1.000..
f(x)=sin(x)+cos(x) No problem, can have the same name
integral(f(x),0,pi/2) => 2.0000
warning integral(sin(x)+cos(x),0,pi/2) or integral(x^2+x,0,10) is not valid, because sin(x)+cos(x) and x^2+x is not considered as one function (There is no way to find the variable(s)).Define a function and then ...
and as usual more help, more power and lesser bugs later
Lists
The structure [2,5,8] or [a,b,f(x)] is a list and not a matrix or vector.He can appear everywhere a number can appear but is not number.Rather is a group of numbers. So
[1,2,3,4]+5 -> [6,7,8,9], [2,3,4]+[7,6,5]=[9,9,9], [2,3,4]^2 -> [4,9,16], 1+[2,3,4]!->[3,7,25]
[2,3,4]*[4,5,6]->[8,15,24], 5/[1,2,5] ->[5,2.5,1], [2,3,4]^[4,2,1]->[16,9,1], Σ[1,2,3,5] ->11 means sum of list elements, Πa means product of elements of list a (i.e Π[2,3,4,6] -> 144)
All operations are "overloaded" in order to manage lists.So avoid to use the structure (condition?result_true:result_false).Instead use the if(condition,op1,op2) which covers and lists.
if( [1,2,4]>[2,1,1] , [5,6,7] , [8,9,10] ) returns [8,6,7].
warning! lists must have the same number of elements, Other words [1,2]+[4,5,6] is an error (without error message by now).But [1,2]+[4,[5,6]] is OK because they have same number of elements (at first level !)
Σ : control-T for IE, "copy and paste" for Netscape returns the sum of elements
Π : control-U for IE, "copy and paste" for Netscape returns the product of elements
◄: control-\ for IE, "copy and paste" for Netscape. Add something to a List
[1,2,3]◄56 => [1,2,3,56], [4,5,6]◄[7,8,9] ==> [4,5,6,7,8,9]
row(listname,n) is the nth row of list
col(listname,n) is the nth column of list
also the usual max(x) and min(x) (you don't need help for this)
function c2r(x): ie colums to rows c2r([[1,2,3],[5,6,7]])-> [[1,5],[2,6],[3,7]]
~ : used to "split" a list (SuperCalc specific)
the Σ and Π are operations with the greatest priority. So Σ[2,5]! means 7! and not 2!+5!
Σ is an operation like + * /, which needs a list right of it (or a function who returns a list)
√Σ[2,3] is an error because √ expect an expression and not an operation. √(Σ[2,3]) is OK
But having defined a function say f(x)=[x,x/2] and a variable a=[3,4] then Σf(a) is valid (f is not an operation). Valid is also the Πsin(a) (product of sinus of elements)
(hmmm, i think this must be explained in details)
About the ~:
Syntax [a,b]~c , divide the interval a to b in c sections like this [3,8]~5 -> [3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5]
Use: approximation of integrals
Data manipulation
Say you have a "multidimensional" list data=[ [1,2,3], [4,2,1], [4,4,2], [6,2,6], [10,1,6] ]
then col(data,0) -> [1,4,4,6,10] ie the list of the first elements
col(data,1) -> [2,2,4,2,1] the list of the second elenents and so on
Now watch this
f(x)=(col(x,0)+col(x,1))/col(x,2)
f(data) ->[1, 6, 4, 1.33333, 1.833333 ]
or this way
f(x,y,z)=(x+y)/z
f(col(data,0),col(data,1),col(data,2))
Some examples with root symbol
2+√2 means 2 plus the square root of 2
4*3√27 means 4 times the third root of 27 think of it like 4*3√27
2^4√16 means 24√16 and 3√9^2 means (3√9)2
3!√9! means 3!√(9!) (! has greater priority)
(a+b)√(y+z)*c means a+b√y+z · c
√√4 is not allowed (exactly as ++ or ** is not allowed) ( √(√4) is OK). In supercalc √ is an operation like ^ or *, who expect an expression right of it.(if you omit the left operator he suppose it is 2), The 3!! is correct because factorial does not need expression right of it.
but √4√9√27 is OK (from left to right 2√9√27 then 3√27 then 3)
it's straight and easy
the underscore "_" variable
You don't need to copy and paste from the result area to input area in order to use the result of a calculation.Simply use the underscore variable _
4+6
_/2 gives 5 value used _=10 after _=5
1+ _! gives 121 value used _=5 after _=121
-_ gives -121 after this _= -121
warning: avoid to use this special variable in function or variable definition unless you know what you are doing
b=-6
f(x)=x-_
f(4)
f(4) guess the answer
and don't forget the underscore variable keep his value after clearing memory
The nth result is kept in a variable with name _n.Now
a=3
b=4
c=5
d=a
_1+_2/_4 means a+b/d
warning:because functions definitions and empty lines does not return values they dont count!.Then we have
a=2 this is the 1 line
f(x)=x this line dont count!!
Who Am I but this count ,returns error
b=3 this is the 3 line
_1*_4 ( for a*b) is an error. Instead, the correct is _1*_3
Units Conversion
super calc has an enough flexible way to convert units (actually the best) and there is no conflict between variables and units with the same
name.
So m=10
s=20
m/s m/s ft/s
result: 1.6404 ft/s if you look at the source you will find that you can add as many units as you
want the symbols for units are taken from United States Department of Commerce
National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGuide for the Use of the
International System of Units (SI)
NIST Special Publication 811
1995 Edition
United States Department of Commerce
National Institute of Standards and Technology
http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/sp811.pdf (go and read it)
length |
m (meter) cm, mm, km, yd
(yard) ft (international feet) in (inches) mi (international
mile) (and miles is ok) |
time: |
s (second, but also sec is OK) , min
(minute), h (hour) , d (day) |
volume: |
L (liter), bu (bushel U.S.), gal (U.S.) ,
bbl (barrel for petroleum 42 gallons U.S.) |
mass: |
g (gramm), kg, lb, t (metric ton 1000
kg), oz (ounce avoirdupois) |
force: |
N ( Newton ) dyn (dyne), kgf, lbf
(pound-force) , kip (1000 lbf), kp (kilopond= 1 kgf), ozf
(ounce avoirdupois- force) |
work, energy: |
J (joule N*m), Btu (mean, warning: there are six different Btu),
cal (mean, one of many calories) |
power: |
W (Watt), hp ( horsepower=550 ft *lbf /s, warning: there are six different horsepower!) |
pressure: |
Pa, Torr, bar, psi (lbf/in2),
mmHg, inHg, atm (atmosphere standard) , at (atmosphere technical) |
viscosity: |
St (kinematic, stokes = cm2/s), P (dynamic, poise =
dyn*s/cm2) |
speed: |
knot, mach |
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Hz (1/s) A (ampere) ,C (Coulomb, s*A),
V (volt, W/A), F (farad, C/V), S (siemens, A/V),
Wb (weber, V*s) |
money |
dollar, euro these also are units but you must update the relation
(hard code) |
The use of space
The space (white character) separate expressions from units and units from units.This is not always an idle character.
2+3 is OK. and 2 + 3 is OK and √ | - 4 ^ 2 ! | m /s mi / h is OK (converting meters per second to miles per hour)
but having defined a function say f(x)
trying f(4) or f( 4 ) is OK
but
f ( 4) is an error, because the calculator assume that f is a variable and (because there is no operation next) try to see the (4) as units.
f(4) is one valid expression, but f (4) are two valid expressions.Same as 22 is a number but 2 2 are two numbers.
One more time
trying f(m) or f( m ) is OK. Calculate the value of function.
but f (m) means f meters
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